-
1 burned-in image
Телекоммуникации: послеизображение -
2 burned in image
izi kalan görüntü -
3 burned-in image
тлв послеизображение -
4 burned-in image
тлв. послеизображениеThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > burned-in image
-
5 burned-in image
• kiinnipalanut kuva -
6 burned-in image
English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > burned-in image
-
7 burned in image
izi kalan görüntü -
8 image
I1) изображение || изображать; формировать изображение3) образа) вчт отображение (напр. множества)б) вчт точная логическая копия данных, хранимых запоминающей средой; зеркальная копияв) файловый образ компакт-диска, представление предназначенных для записи на компакт-диск данных в виде файла стандарта ISO ( с разметкой на секторы)5) микр. рисунок || формировать рисунок6) тлв имидж || создавать имидж•- 2D-image- 3D-image
- acoustic image
- aerial image
- antenna image
- archival image
- aural image
- background image
- binary image
- bit image
- bitmap image
- bitonal image
- black-and-white image
- blurred image
- bootable image
- bright-field image
- broad image
- burned-in image
- card image
- CD image
- character image
- charge image
- chemically resistant image
- cine-oriented image
- circuit image
- CMY image
- CMYK image
- coded image
- color image
- colored image
- comic strip-oriented image
- compact disk image
- conjugate image
- continuous-tone image
- contrast image
- dark-field image
- diffraction image
- digital image
- digitized image
- disk image
- display image
- double image
- duotone image
- echo image
- electric image
- electron image
- four-color image
- fractal image
- Fraunhofer image
- Fresnel image
- frozen image
- fuzzy image
- ghost image
- glyph image
- gray-level image
- grayscale image
- half-tone image
- hard image
- harsh image
- high-contrast image
- HLS image
- hologram image
- holographic image
- holographic twin image
- HSV image
- indexed color image
- infrared image
- in-line image
- inverted image
- ISO image
- L*a*b* image
- latent image
- LCH image
- line-printer image
- luminescent image
- magnetic image
- map image
- mask image
- mirror image
- monotone image
- multichannel image
- multiple image
- negative image
- negative ghost image
- n-th order holographic image
- one-color image
- operator image
- page image
- partial image
- phantom image
- phase-contrast image
- picture image
- pixel image
- positive image
- positive ghost image
- powder image
- projected image
- pseudoscopic image
- quadtone image
- radar image
- radiographic image
- Radon image
- raster image
- real image
- reconstructed holographic image
- recorded image
- reference image
- replicated image
- residual image
- resist image
- retained image
- reversed image
- RGB image
- scanned image
- schlieren image
- scrambled image
- second image
- shadow image
- sharp image
- single system image
- snowy image
- soft image
- sound image
- speckled image
- split image
- stationary image
- stereoscopic image
- sticking image
- stigmatic image
- stored image
- superimposed image
- synthesized image
- tactile image
- thermal image
- three-color image
- three-dimensional image
- tomographic image
- tritone image
- TV image
- twin image
- two-color image
- two-dimensional image
- ultrasonic image
- ultraviolet image
- unwanted image
- vector image
- vesicular image
- virtual image
- virtual focal image
- visible image
- visual image
- volume image
- X-ray image II = IMG -
9 image
1) изображение || изображать; формировать изображение3) образа) вчт. отображение (напр. множества)б) вчт. точная логическая копия данных, хранимых запоминающей средой; зеркальная копияв) файловый образ компакт-диска, представление предназначенных для записи на компакт-диск данных в виде файла стандарта ISO (с разметкой на секторы)5) микр. рисунок || формировать рисунок6) тлв. имидж || создавать имидж•- 2D image- 3D image
- acoustic image
- aerial image
- antenna image
- archival image
- aural image
- background image
- binary image
- bit image
- bitmap image
- bitonal image
- black-and-white image
- blurred image
- bootable image
- bright-field image
- broad image
- burned-in image
- card image
- CD image
- character image
- charge image
- chemically resistant image
- cine-oriented image
- circuit image
- CMY image
- CMYK image
- coded image
- color image
- colored image
- comic strip-oriented image
- compact-disk image
- conjugate image
- continuous-tone image
- contrast image
- dark-field image
- diffraction image
- digital image
- digitized image
- disk image
- display image
- double image
- duotone image
- echo image
- electric image
- electron image
- four-color image
- fractal image
- Fraunhofer image
- Fresnel image
- frozen image
- fuzzy image
- ghost image
- glyph image
- gray-level image
- grayscale image
- half-tone image
- hard image
- harsh image
- high-contrast image
- HLS image
- hologram image
- holographic image
- holographic twin image
- HSV image
- indexed color image
- infrared image
- in-line image
- inverted image
- ISO image
- L*a*b* image
- latent image
- LCH image
- line-printer image
- luminescent image
- magnetic image
- map image
- mask image
- mirror image
- monotone image
- multichannel image
- multiple image
- negative ghost image
- negative image
- n-th order holographic image
- one-color image
- operator image
- page image
- partial image
- phantom image
- phase-contrast image
- picture image
- pixel image
- positive ghost image
- positive image
- powder image
- projected image
- pseudoscopic image
- quadtone image
- radar image
- radiographic image
- Radon image
- raster image
- real image
- reconstructed holographic image
- recorded image
- reference image
- replicated image
- residual image
- resist image
- retained image
- reversed image
- RGB image
- scanned image
- schlieren image
- scrambled image
- second image
- shadow image
- sharp image
- single system image
- snowy image
- soft image
- sound image
- speckled image
- split image
- stationary image
- stereoscopic image
- sticking image
- stigmatic image
- stored image
- superimposed image
- synthesized image
- tactile image
- thermal image
- three-color image
- three-dimensional image
- tomographic image
- tritone image
- TV image
- twin image
- two-color image
- two-dimensional image
- ultrasonic image
- ultraviolet image
- unwanted image
- vector image
- vesicular image
- virtual focal image
- virtual image
- visible image
- visual image
- volume image
- X-ray imageThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > image
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10 image
- audio image
- background image
- black-and-white image
- brilliant image
- broad image
- burned-in image
- chromatic image
- coded image
- color image
- colored image
- digital image
- direct image
- display image
- distorted image
- dot-element image
- double image
- double-grade image
- echo image
- ghost image
- gray level image
- halftone image
- latent image
- letter-box image
- multiple image
- negative image
- positive image
- retained image
- scanned image
- second image
- shaded image
- shadow-free image
- sharp image
- snowy image
- soft image
- sound image
- still image
- strip image
- test image
- TV image
- virtual imageEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > image
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11 crisp
1. adjectiveknusprig [Brot, Keks, Speck]; knackig [Apfel, Gemüse]; trocken [Herbstblätter, Zweige]; frisch [gebügelt/gestärkt] [Wäsche]; [druck]frisch [Banknote]; verharscht [Schnee]; scharf [Umrisse, Kanten]; knapp [und klar] [Stil]2. noun2)* * *[krisp] 1. adjective1) (stiff and dry enough to break easily: crisp biscuits.) knusprig3) ((of manner, speech etc) firm and clear.) entschieden2. noun(short for potato crisp.)- academic.ru/85861/crisply">crisply- crispness
- crispy* * *[krɪsp]I. adj1. (hard and brittle) knusprig\crisp bacon knusprig gebratener Schinkenspeck\crisp biscuits knusprige Kekse\crisp snow knirschender Schnee2. (firm and fresh) frisch und knackig\crisp apple/lettuce knackiger Apfel/Salat3. (stiff and smooth) [tablecloth] paper steif\crisp banknote druckfrische Banknote\crisp mountain air frische, kühle Bergluft5. (sharply defined) image gestochen scharfshort and \crisp kurz und knappII. nburnt to a \crisp verkohltcherry \crisps ≈ Kirschtörtchen pl* * *[krɪsp]1. adj (+er)apple, lettuce knackig, fest; bread, biscuits, bacon knusprig; snow verharscht; leaves trocken; appearance adrett, frisch; curls, clothes steif; manner, voice, style of writing, remark knapp; air, weather, colour frisch; sound klar; (SPORT) shot sauber; ten-pound note brandneua crisp dry white wine —
2. n(Brit: potato crisp) Chip mto burn sth to a crisp — etw verbrutzeln lassen; toast etw verkohlen lassen
burned or blackened to a crisp — völlig verbrutzelt; toast völlig verkohlt
3. vtbread aufbacken* * *crisp [krısp]A adj (adv crisply)1. knusp(e)rig, mürbe (Gebäck etc)2. bröck(e)lig, spröde3. a) drahtigb) kraus (Haar)4. neu, steif (Papier)5. frisch, knackig, fest (Gemüse)6. forsch, schneidig (Art etc)7. flott, lebhaft8. knapp, treffend (Antwort etc)9. a) lebendig, flott (Dialog etc)b) klar (Stil etc)10. scharf, frisch (Brise etc)B s1. (etwas) Knusp(e)riges2. pl besonders Br (Kartoffel) Chips pl3. Knusp(e)rigkeit f:a) knusp(e)rig gebacken oder gebraten,b) verbrannt (Toast etc)C v/t1. knusp(e)rig backen oder braten, braun rösten2. jemandes Haar etc kräuselnD v/i1. knusp(e)rig werden2. sich kräuseln* * *1. adjectiveknusprig [Brot, Keks, Speck]; knackig [Apfel, Gemüse]; trocken [Herbstblätter, Zweige]; frisch [gebügelt/gestärkt] [Wäsche]; [druck]frisch [Banknote]; verharscht [Schnee]; scharf [Umrisse, Kanten]; knapp [und klar] [Stil]2. noun2)* * *adj.knusperig adj.knusprig adj. -
12 bit
1. n кусок; кусочек2. n частица, доля3. n небольшое количество, немного, чуть-чутьa bit at a time — понемногу, не спеша, постепенно
not a bit — нисколько, ничуть
4. n разг. мелкая монетаthreepenny bit — трёхпенсовая монета, трёхпенсовик
5. n амер. сл. срок заключенияbit life — срок службы долота; метраж проходки на долото
6. n амер. сл. эпизодическая рольbit player — актёр или актриса, исполняющие эпизодические роли; статист
7. n поведение, образ действий8. n обычная процедураthe familiar 1-2-3-4 bit to check the acoustics — обычная процедура счёта вслух, принятый в таких случаях счёт раз-два-три-четыре для проверки акустики
9. n мода, фасон; стиль10. n предмет обсужденияas for the bit about marriage … — если речь идёт о браке …
a good bit — изрядно, много
11. n бур12. n бурав13. n зубило14. n зубок; вставной резец15. n режущая кромка16. n бородка ключаbucky bit key — маркерный ключ; маркерная клавиша
17. n головка паяльника18. n удила, мундштук; трензель19. v взнуздывать20. v обуздывать, сдерживать21. n вчт. бит; единица информацииinformation bit — информационный разряд; информационный бит
bit chain — последовательность двоичных знаков; цепочка бит
bit location — местоположение бита; местоположение разряда
bit configuration — конфигурация бит; битовая конфигурация
framing bit — бит цикловой организации; кадрирующие биты
Синонимический ряд:1. awl (noun) awl; gimlet2. bridle (noun) bridle; check; control; curb; rein; restrainer3. particle (noun) ace; atom; bite; crumb; dab; damn; dash; doit; dram; drop; end; fraction; fragment; grain; hoot; iota; jot; minim; mite; modicum; molecule; morsel; mouthful; ounce; particle; piece; ray; scrap; scruple; shred; smidgen; smitch; snap; speck; spot; syllable; tittle; whit4. time (noun) space; spell; stretch; time; while5. bit (verb) ate; ate away; bit; champed; corroded; eroded; fretted; gnashed; gnawed; scoured; wear away; wore; wore away6. restrain (verb) bridle; check; coarct; constrain; crimp; curb; hold back; hold down; hold in; inhibit; keep; pull in; restrain; withhold7. smarted (verb) burned; burned or burnt; smarted; stung -
13 metal
1) металл || покрывать металлом || металлический3) щебень || мостить щебнем4) ж.-д. балласт || балластировать5) мн. ч. англ. рельсы6) стекломасса•metal with special expansion properties — металл с особыми свойствами расширения-
added metal
-
alkaline metals
-
alkali metals
-
alkaline-earth metals
-
antifriction metal
-
as-cast metal
-
as-quenched metal
-
as-rolled metal
-
babbitt metal
-
babbit metal
-
backing metal
-
base metal
-
basic metal
-
blown metal
-
blue metal
-
brazing filler metal
-
brazing metal
-
burned metal
-
cast metal
-
ceramic metal
-
clad metal
-
coarse metal
-
coated metal
-
composite metal
-
compound metal
-
coupled metals
-
crude metal
-
cutting metal
-
delta metal
-
deposited metal
-
direct metal
-
dozzle metal
-
dual metal
-
ductile metal
-
earth metal
-
electrode metal
-
electrofluxed metal
-
electronegative metal
-
electropositive metal
-
emergency metal
-
excess metal
-
expanded metal
-
expanding metal
-
ferromagnetic metal
-
ferrous base metal
-
ferrous metal
-
filler metal
-
fine metal
-
finishing metal
-
first metal
-
foamed metal
-
fusible metal
-
glass bubble-free metal
-
glass metal
-
hard metal
-
head metal
-
heat-transfer metal
-
heavy metal
-
high-density metal
-
host metal
-
hot metal
-
image metal
-
jobbing metal
-
ladle-degassed metal
-
laminated metal
-
lead-base white metal
-
light metal
-
matrix metal
-
molten metal
-
Monel metal
-
native metal
-
noble metal
-
nonferromagnetic metal
-
nonferrous metal
-
nonimage metal
-
nonreactive metal
-
one-dimensional metal
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organic metal
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pallet metal
-
parent metal
-
pickled sheet metal
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pig metal
-
piped metal
-
plated metal
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platinum metal
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pot metal
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powdered metal
-
precious metal
-
prerefined metal
-
printer's metal
-
rare-earth metals
-
raw metal
-
reactive metal
-
receding metal
-
recirculated metal
-
reclaimed metal
-
red metal
-
refined metal
-
refractory metal
-
reinforcement metal
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rejected metal
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resistance metal
-
road metal
-
rolled metal
-
sandy metal
-
scrap metal
-
second metal
-
sheet metal
-
shotted metal
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shot metal
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sintered powder metal
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skull-cast metal
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slush metal
-
soluble metal
-
solvent metal
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space metal
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speculum metal
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structural metal
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superconducting metal
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synthetic metal
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temperature-sensitive metals
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terne metal
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thermostat metal
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tinning metal
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transition metal
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type metal
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underlying metal
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unstainable metal
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valve metal
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VAR metal
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VIM metal
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virgin metal
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washed metal
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waste metal
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weld metal
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white metal
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work-hardened metal
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wrought metal
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yellow metal
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zone-melted metal
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zone metal -
14 TAB
1) Общая лексика: testing, adjustment and balancing2) Компьютерная техника: go to next Tab stop, times after blast3) Американизм: Talk About Budget, Totalizator Agency Board4) Военный термин: Technical Abstract Bulletin, Technology Assessment Board, Telecommunications Advisory Board, Theatre Air Base, Training Allowance Benefits, tactical air base, target acquisition battalion, target acquisition battery, towed assault bridge, tracked assault battalion, training aids branch, training aids bulletin5) Техника: target and background sensor6) Шутливое выражение: The Angry Beavers, Touching A Booger7) Математика: Triangle Array Backward8) Юридический термин: To Abolish Bookmakers9) Экономика: Общий бюджет проекта (контракта) ( Total Allocated Budget) (sum of all budgets allocated to the contract)10) Бухгалтерия: налоговый сертификат (tax anticipation bill), налогово-депозитный сертификат (могут использоваться для уплаты налогов, tax anticipation bill)11) Автомобильный термин: thermactor air bypass12) Грубое выражение: Trendy Asian Bitch13) Музыка: Tommy Aguilar Band14) Сокращение: Tape Automated Bonding, Technical Assistance Board, Technical Assistance Bureau, Technology Advisory Board (aids USPS in long range technology programs), tabulate, Tabulator, Tape Automatic Bonding15) Физиология: Therapeutic abortion, Touch And Breathe16) Электроника: Technical Advisory Board, Tested And Burned17) Онкология: Tumors Accidents And Burns18) Банковское дело: налоговый вексель (США; tax anticipation bill), Transaction Advice Basic19) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Artificial Beverage20) Деловая лексика: Team Advisory Board, Testing Adjusting and Balancing21) Образование: Teaching For Artistic Behavior, Teasing And Bullying, Teen Advisory Board, Teen And Books, Teens And Books, Training Aid Booklet22) Инвестиции: tax anticipation bill23) Расширение файла: Color lookup table (CMYK image)24) Общественная организация: Technical Activities Board, Trinity's Assistance Bridge25) Аэропорты: Crown Point Airport, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago -
15 Tab
1) Общая лексика: testing, adjustment and balancing2) Компьютерная техника: go to next Tab stop, times after blast3) Американизм: Talk About Budget, Totalizator Agency Board4) Военный термин: Technical Abstract Bulletin, Technology Assessment Board, Telecommunications Advisory Board, Theatre Air Base, Training Allowance Benefits, tactical air base, target acquisition battalion, target acquisition battery, towed assault bridge, tracked assault battalion, training aids branch, training aids bulletin5) Техника: target and background sensor6) Шутливое выражение: The Angry Beavers, Touching A Booger7) Математика: Triangle Array Backward8) Юридический термин: To Abolish Bookmakers9) Экономика: Общий бюджет проекта (контракта) ( Total Allocated Budget) (sum of all budgets allocated to the contract)10) Бухгалтерия: налоговый сертификат (tax anticipation bill), налогово-депозитный сертификат (могут использоваться для уплаты налогов, tax anticipation bill)11) Автомобильный термин: thermactor air bypass12) Грубое выражение: Trendy Asian Bitch13) Музыка: Tommy Aguilar Band14) Сокращение: Tape Automated Bonding, Technical Assistance Board, Technical Assistance Bureau, Technology Advisory Board (aids USPS in long range technology programs), tabulate, Tabulator, Tape Automatic Bonding15) Физиология: Therapeutic abortion, Touch And Breathe16) Электроника: Technical Advisory Board, Tested And Burned17) Онкология: Tumors Accidents And Burns18) Банковское дело: налоговый вексель (США; tax anticipation bill), Transaction Advice Basic19) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Artificial Beverage20) Деловая лексика: Team Advisory Board, Testing Adjusting and Balancing21) Образование: Teaching For Artistic Behavior, Teasing And Bullying, Teen Advisory Board, Teen And Books, Teens And Books, Training Aid Booklet22) Инвестиции: tax anticipation bill23) Расширение файла: Color lookup table (CMYK image)24) Общественная организация: Technical Activities Board, Trinity's Assistance Bridge25) Аэропорты: Crown Point Airport, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago -
16 tab
1) Общая лексика: testing, adjustment and balancing2) Компьютерная техника: go to next Tab stop, times after blast3) Американизм: Talk About Budget, Totalizator Agency Board4) Военный термин: Technical Abstract Bulletin, Technology Assessment Board, Telecommunications Advisory Board, Theatre Air Base, Training Allowance Benefits, tactical air base, target acquisition battalion, target acquisition battery, towed assault bridge, tracked assault battalion, training aids branch, training aids bulletin5) Техника: target and background sensor6) Шутливое выражение: The Angry Beavers, Touching A Booger7) Математика: Triangle Array Backward8) Юридический термин: To Abolish Bookmakers9) Экономика: Общий бюджет проекта (контракта) ( Total Allocated Budget) (sum of all budgets allocated to the contract)10) Бухгалтерия: налоговый сертификат (tax anticipation bill), налогово-депозитный сертификат (могут использоваться для уплаты налогов, tax anticipation bill)11) Автомобильный термин: thermactor air bypass12) Грубое выражение: Trendy Asian Bitch13) Музыка: Tommy Aguilar Band14) Сокращение: Tape Automated Bonding, Technical Assistance Board, Technical Assistance Bureau, Technology Advisory Board (aids USPS in long range technology programs), tabulate, Tabulator, Tape Automatic Bonding15) Физиология: Therapeutic abortion, Touch And Breathe16) Электроника: Technical Advisory Board, Tested And Burned17) Онкология: Tumors Accidents And Burns18) Банковское дело: налоговый вексель (США; tax anticipation bill), Transaction Advice Basic19) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Artificial Beverage20) Деловая лексика: Team Advisory Board, Testing Adjusting and Balancing21) Образование: Teaching For Artistic Behavior, Teasing And Bullying, Teen Advisory Board, Teen And Books, Teens And Books, Training Aid Booklet22) Инвестиции: tax anticipation bill23) Расширение файла: Color lookup table (CMYK image)24) Общественная организация: Technical Activities Board, Trinity's Assistance Bridge25) Аэропорты: Crown Point Airport, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago -
17 blue
1. n синий цвет; голубой цветblue collar — «синий воротничок», производственный рабочий
2. n синяя краска; голубая краска3. n синькаTurnbull`s blue — турнбуллева синь
4. n небо5. n море, океан6. n синее платье7. n разг. полицейский8. n мор. синее обмундированиеblue peak level — максимальный уровень "синего" сигнала
9. n моряк10. n l11. n войска в синей форме12. n конная гвардия13. n цвет партии ториEton blue — «итонский голубой»; светло-синий цвет
14. n консерватор, тори15. n амер. ист. солдаты армии Севера16. n член университетской спортивной команды17. a синий; голубой, лазурный; голубоватый18. a посиневший19. a неяркий20. a испуганный; унылый, подавленный21. a верный, постоянный22. a относящийся к партии тори; консервативный23. a амер. пуританский, строгийBlue Law State — «Пуританский штат»
24. a эмоц. -усил. страшный, ужасныйin blue fear — в ужасной панике, в страшном замешательстве
25. a разг. непристойный, скабрёзный26. a ирон. учёный27. a в стиле «блюз»blue dahlia — редкость, нечто необычное
to be blue in the face — в изнеможении; побагроветь ;
he ran until he was blue in the face — он бежал, пока совершенно не выбился из сил
to make the air blue — ругаться, сквернословить
till all is blue — до предела, до крайности
28. v окрашивать в синий цвет29. v синеть30. v синить бельё31. v воронить сталь32. v сл. промотать, спуститьto blue the family fortunes — промотать состояние семьи, пустить на ветер наследство
Синонимический ряд:1. color (adj.) aquamarine; azure; bluish; cerulean; cobalt; color; colour; indigo; navy; Prussian; royal; sapphire; teal; turquoise2. despondent (adj.) dejected; depressed; despondent; discouraged; dispirited; down in the dumps; gloomy; glum; morose; sad; unhappy3. downcast (adj.) bad; cast down; chapfallen; crestfallen; disconsolate; doleful; down; downcast; downhearted; down-in-the-mouth; downthrown; droopy; dull; heartsick; heartsore; hipped; low; low-spirited; mopey; soul-sick; spiritless; sunk; woebegone4. indecent (adj.) bawdy; immoral; indecent; lascivious; lewd; licentious; obscene; ribald; risquй5. puritanical (adj.) moral; moralistic; prudish; puritanical; righteous; rigorous; rigourous; self-righteous; severe; squeamish6. risque (adj.) broad; off-color; purple; racy; risky; risque; salty; sexy; shady; spicy; suggestive; wicked7. utter (adj.) absolute; all-fired; arrant; black; blamed; blank; blankety-blank; blasted; bleeding; blessed; blighted; blinding; blithering; complete; confounded; consummate; crashing; dad-blamed; dad-blasted; dad-burned; damned; dang; darn; dashed; deuced; doggone; double-distilled; double-dyed; durn; utter8. blueness (noun) azure; blueness; cerulean; indigo; sapphire; sky-blue; turquoise9. bluestocking (noun) bluestocking; censor; pedant; prude10. ocean (noun) brine; deep; drink; main; ocean; seaАнтонимический ряд:cheerful; mirthful -
18 Coimbra, University of
Portugal's oldest and once its most prestigious university. As one of Europe's oldest seats of learning, the University of Coimbra and its various roles have a historic importance that supersedes merely the educational. For centuries, the university formed and trained the principal elites and professions that dominated Portugal. For more than a century, certain members of its faculty entered the central government in Lisbon. A few, such as law professor Afonso Costa, mathematics instructor Sidônio Pais, anthropology professor Bernardino Machado, and economics professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, became prime ministers and presidents of the republic. In such a small country, with relatively few universities until recently, Portugal counted Coimbra's university as the educational cradle of its leaders and knew its academic traditions as an intimate part of national life.Established in 1290 by King Dinis, the university first opened in Lisbon but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, and there it remained. University buildings were placed high on a hill, in a position thatphysically dominates Portugal's third city. While sections of the medieval university buildings are present, much of what today remains of the old University of Coimbra dates from the Manueline era (1495-1521) and the 17th and 18th centuries. The main administration building along the so-called Via Latina is baroque, in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. Most prominent among buildings adjacent to the central core structures are the Chapel of São Miguel, built in the 17th century, and the magnificent University Library, of the era of wealthy King João V, built between 1717 and 1723. Created entirely by Portuguese artists and architects, the library is unique among historic monuments in Portugal. Its rare book collection, a monument in itself, is complemented by exquisite gilt wood decorations and beautiful doors, windows, and furniture. Among visitors and tourists, the chapel and library are the prime attractions to this day.The University underwent important reforms under the Pombaline administration (1750-77). Efforts to strengthen Coimbra's position in advanced learning and teaching by means of a new curriculum, including new courses in new fields and new degrees and colleges (in Portugal, major university divisions are usually called "faculties") often met strong resistance. In the Age of the Discoveries, efforts were made to introduce the useful study of mathematics, which was part of astronomy in that day, and to move beyond traditional medieval study only of theology, canon law, civil law, and medicine. Regarding even the advanced work of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician Pedro Nunes, however, Coimbra University was lamentably slow in introducing mathematics or a school of arts and general studies. After some earlier efforts, the 1772 Pombaline Statutes, the core of the Pombaline reforms at Coimbra, had an impact that lasted more than a century. These reforms remained in effect to the end of the monarchy, when, in 1911, the First Republic instituted changes that stressed the secularization of learning. This included the abolition of the Faculty of Theology.Elaborate, ancient traditions and customs inform the faculty and student body of Coimbra University. Tradition flourishes, although some customs are more popular than others. Instead of residing in common residences or dormitories as in other countries, in Coimbra until recently students lived in the city in "Republics," private houses with domestic help hired by the students. Students wore typical black academic gowns. Efforts during the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and aftermath to abolish the wearing of the gowns, a powerful student image symbol, met resistance and generated controversy. In romantic Coimbra tradition, students with guitars sang characteristic songs, including Coimbra fado, a more cheerful song than Lisbon fado, and serenaded other students at special locations. Tradition also decreed that at graduation graduates wore their gowns but burned their school (or college or subject) ribbons ( fitas), an important ceremonial rite of passage.The University of Coimbra, while it underwent a revival in the 1980s and 1990s, no longer has a virtual monopoly over higher education in Portugal. By 1970, for example, the country had only four public and one private university, and the University of Lisbon had become more significant than ancient Coimbra. At present, diversity in higher education is even more pronounced: 12 private universities and 14 autonomous public universities are listed, not only in Lisbon and Oporto, but at provincial locations. Still, Coimbra retains an influence as the senior university, some of whose graduates still enter national government and distinguished themselves in various professions.An important student concern at all institutions of higher learning, and one that marked the last half of the 1990s and continued into the next century, was the question of increased student fees and tuition payments (in Portuguese, propinas). Due to the expansion of the national universities in function as well as in the size of student bodies, national budget constraints, and the rising cost of education, the central government began to increase student fees. The student movement protested this change by means of various tactics, including student strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations. At the same time, a growing number of private universities began to attract larger numbers of students who could afford the higher fees in private institutions, but who had been denied places in the increasingly competitive and pressured public universities. -
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E-coma program that displays a series of moving images, designed to prevent a static image being burned into the phosphor monitor screen when a computer is idle
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